Jacqueline Coolidge

Summary: Over 20 years of professional experience with private sector development in developing and transition countries, with a focus on policy, legal, tax, and regulatory reforms to improve the investment climate/business enabling environment. Expertise in regulatory reform and related results measurement, especially compliance costs for businesses with licensing/regulations and business tax administration. Monitoring and evaluation of reforms to improve investment climate/business enabling environment. Economic analysis of the effects of policy/legal/tax and regulatory reforms on investment (both foreign direct investment and domestic SME growth). Statistical analysis of business investment and formalization in developing and transition economies. Extensive experience in Central and Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southern Africa, and the Caribbean.

Professional History:

Sept. 2008 - present Independent Consultant

Consultant to the World Bank Group, Foreign Investment Advisory Service on licensing compliance cost surveys for monitoring and evaluation of licensing reforms in Bosnia, Serbia and Madagascar; tax compliance cost surveys for businesses in South Africa, Ukraine, Peru, and Yemen; and development of appropriate indicators of reforms for regulatory simplification in developing and transition countries.

2003 - 2008: Lead Investment Policy Officer, Foreign Investment Advisory Service (FIAS), the World Bank Group.

Responsible for FIAS work in monitoring and evaluation of reforms in the Business Enabling Environment (from 2006). Development of standardized logical frameworks for reforms in the area of business registration, licensing, tax compliance, and inspections, including quantitative and qualitative indicators of outcomes and impacts of such reforms. Responsible for quality control for projects in the area of regulatory simplification (e.g., business tax administration, company registration and licensing, inspections). Lead responsibility for the area of removal of administrative barriers to investment in client countries. Responsible for FIAS projects in Central and Eastern Europe covering policy toward foreign direct investment, investment legislation, investment incentives, and regulatory reform (2003 - 2006). Oversaw independent evaluation of the impact of FIAS' activities for the period 2004 - 2007.

Task Team Leader for specific projects:

• Tax Compliance Cost Survey for businesses in South Africa, Ukraine, Yemen, Peru

• Survey of licensing compliance costs in Madagascar and Bosnia

• Investment Legislation, Taxation and Promotion in Namibia

• Legislative reform for businesses' access to land in the Russian Federation

• Survey of Businesses' access to land in the Russian Federation

• Analysis of International Entrepreneurship Database

• Case Study of impact of reforms to improve the investment climate in Latvia

• Removal of administrative barriers to investment in Poland

• Manual for Removal of Administrative Barriers to Investment

1996 - 2003: Senior Investment Policy Officer, FIAS

Responsible for FIAS projects covering policy toward foreign direct investment in various countries in Europe, Africa, Middle East, and the Caribbean. Development of methodology for identification and removal of administrative barriers to investment (including company registration, expatriate work permits, licensing, inspections, tax administration/compliance, customs administration, businesses' access to land, construction permits, etc.). Regional Program Coordinator for FIAS in Europe and Central Asia (1999 - 2003).

Task Team Leader for specific projects:

• Identification and Removal of Administrative Barriers to investment in the Russian Federation (focus on oblast level; 7 Oblasts)

• Corporate tax and investment incentives in Croatia

• Identification and Removal of Administrative Barriers to Investment in Latvia

• Identification and Removal of Administrative Barriers to Investment in Lithuania

• Legal and Tax reforms to improve foreign direct investment in the Slovak Republic

• Legal and Tax reforms to improve foreign direct investment in the Romania

• Corporate tax and investment incentives in Bulgaria

• Diagnostic update of the climate for FDI in Estonia

• Diagnostic assessment of the climate for FDI in St. Kitts

• Diagnostic assessment of the climate for FDI in Yemen

• Diagnostic assessment of the climate for FDI in Ethiopia

1993 - 1996: Economist, Public and Private Enterprises Division, East Africa Department, the World Bank

Responsible for World Bank projects on private sector development, export development, and privatization in E. Africa.

Specific projects:

• Ethiopia Private Sector Development

• Eritrea micro-finance

• Uganda PSD and export development

• Kenya export development

1991 - 1992: Independent consultant, private sector development, infrastructure development, and environmental analysis

Specific projects:

• Economic analysis of environmental damages to municipalities in Alaska from the Exxon Valdiz oil spill (background analysis for expert testimony for court case against Exxon)

• Analysis of private ownership/management/concessions for power and water utilities in developing countries (University of Michigan, Department of Economics)

• Development of non-traditional exports in Nicaragua (Louis Berger Int'l Inc.)

1988 - 1990: Regional Manager, E. Africa, Louis Berger International, Inc.

Regional Manager for LBII projects in E. Africa, based in Nairobi, Kenya. Projects included private sector development, road maintenance, port development and rangelands development in Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania and Uganda.

1985 - 1988: Economist, Louis Berger International, Inc.

Projects included:

• evaluation of USAID private sector development projects in the E. Caribbean (including SME development, investment promotion, development of business advocacy organizations, based in Barbados);

•  agribusiness development in Central America;

•  transport sector development in Ethiopia;

• water industry development in Somalia.

1984 - 1985: Independent economic development consultant, Mogadishu, Somalia

Projects included water industry development, road maintenance

1980 - 1982: U.S. Peace Corps, Botswana

Taught mathematics and development studies to secondary school students in Mahalapye, Botswana

Date of birth: 1958

Nationality: U.S.A.

Education: Ph. D.(abd)/M.A., Economics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1993

Master of Public Affairs, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, 1984

B.A., International Relations, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 1980

Languages: English - native language

French - minimal

Russian - minimal

Publications:

• South Africa - Tax Compliance Costs for Small Businesses - Provincial Analysis (with Gregory Kisunko), June 2008

• Tax Compliance Burden in South Africa: A Survey of Tax Practitioners (with Sharon Smulders and Gregory Kisunko), 2007

• Improving the Business Environment in Latvia: The Impact of Fias Assistance (Fias Occasional Papers No. 18) (with Sanda Liepina and Lars Grava), 2007

• Survey of Land and Real Estate Transactions in the Russian Federation: Statistical Analysis of Selected Hypotheses (with Gregory Kisunko), Policy Research Working Paper No. 4115, 2007

• Reducing Administrative Barriers to Investment: Lessons Learned (with Scott Jacobs), FIAS Occasional Paper No. 17, 2006

• Reforming Inspections: Countering Corruption and Waste, Viewpoint Note no. 308, 2006

• A Manual for Identification and Removal of Administrative Barriers to Investment, FIAS manual, 2006, Module 1, Module 2, Module 3, Module 4

• Administrative Barriers to Investment in Latvia, with Lars Grava, in Doing Business with Latvia, edited by Marat Terterov, Kogan Page, 2003,

• Administrative Barriers to Investment into the Russian Federation, in Doing Business with Russia, edited by Marat Terterov, Kogan Page, 2003

• Kleptocracy and Reform in African Regimes: Theory and Examples, with Susan Rose-Ackerman, in Corruption and Development in Africa, Lessons from Country Case Studies, edited by Kempe Ronald Hope, Sr. and Bornwell C. Chikulo, MacMillan Press, Ltd., 2000

• Urban Environmental Services in Developing Countries, with Richard Porter and Zhong Zhang, EPAT/MUCIA Working Paper No. 9, 1993, USAID.